Impetigo

🔍 When to Suspect

A child presenting with discrete vesicles or pustules that rupture to form characteristic golden or honey-coloured crusts, usually around the nose and mouth

From the full topic in The Ocean Library: Impetigo

🧭 When to suspect

Impetigo is a highly contagious superficial bacterial skin infection.

• Most common in children aged 2 to 5 years, but seen at any age.

• Caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, or both.

• Typically follows a breach in the skin barrier – a graze, insect bite, cold sore, or underlying eczema.

Suspect it in a patient with discrete lesions around the nose and mouth.

• The lesions begin as thin-walled vesicles or pustules and rupture to leave the characteristic golden, honey-coloured crusts.

• The less common bullous form presents with flaccid, fluid-filled blisters and is more often seen in neonates and infants.

The two clinical priorities in primary care are to match treatment to the extent and type of disease – supporting antibiotic stewardship – and to recognise the minority who are systemically unwell or developing complications.

Feature	Non-bullous impetigo (~70%)	Bullous impetigo (~30%)
Organism	S. aureus and/or S. pyogenes	S. aureus (exfoliative toxin-mediated)
Lesion	Vesicles/pustules rupturing to golden, honey-coloured crusts ("stuck-on cornflakes")	Flaccid bullae over 1 cm that rupture, leaving a thin brown crust with a peripheral collarette of scale
Typical site	• Face – around the nose and mouth • Also limbs	• Trunk, flexures and nappy area • Can be more widespread
Who	• Any age • Most common in young children	More common in neonates and infants

🧠 Clinical pearl • Bullous impetigo is driven by staphylococcal exfoliative toxins acting locally. • In a neonate or infant, when those toxins spread systemically the picture shifts to staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) – widespread tender erythema with superficial peeling and a positive Nikolsky sign. • SSSS is a different, more serious entity needing urgent admission, not a topical cream.

Source: NICE NG153

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